ABSTRACT
The present study was aimed to know the pulmonary toxicity by individual toxicities of cadmium, chlorpyrifos and their combination in albino wistar rats. The experiment was carried out for 28 days. Group 1 - Control. Group 2 - Cadmium chloride (Cd) @ 22.5 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral / day. Group 3 - Chlorpyrifos (CPF) @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral / day. Group 4 - Cadmium chloride (Cd) @22.5 mg + Chlorpyrifos (CPF) @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral / day. Lungs showed mild to moderate congestion in groups 2 and 3 and moderate to severe in group 4 on 15th and 29th day of the experiment. Lung sections of control rats showed normal architecture. Lung sections of group 2 rats on 15th day showed hemorrhages in the interstitium spaces with infiltration of lymphocytes, On 29th day, mild hyperplasia and desquamated bronchial epithelial cells, peri bronchial and peri vascular lymphoid aggregates were noticed. The sections of lung on 15th day of group 3 rats showed exudate and desquamated epithelial cells in the lumen of secondary bronchiole , on 29th day, emphysematous alveoli with loss of architecture of alveolar epithelium, interstitial edema with infiltration of lymphocytes, mild hyperplasia of bronchial epithelial cells were also noticed. In group 4 rats, similar lesions as described in groups 2 and 3 were observed with severe intensity on 15th and on 29th day of the experiment. In combined toxicity group, the severity of lesions were more thus suggesting synergistic effects of these components.
ABSTRACT
Present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of imidacloprid on weekly body weights and hematological parameters in female rats and also to determine the protective role of Withania somnifera against imidacloprid induced toxicity. Forty eight (48) female albino Wistar rats were divided into four (4) groups of twelve (12) animals each. Group 1 served as control, groups 2 was given with imidacloprid at the rate of 30 mg/kg b.wt/day, group 3 was maintained as Withania somnifera (WS) control (1g/ kg feed) and group 4 was treated with both imidacloprid + Withania somnifera (dose as above). The experiment was carried out for a period of 30 days and the test compound was administered daily by oral gavage. Blood samples were collected on 15th and 30th day for hematological analysis. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in weekly body weights were observed in group 2. Hematology revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in TEC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC and increase (P < 0.05) in TLC in group 2. The DLC revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in neutrophil count and significant (P < 0.05) decrease in lymphocyte count in group 2. Administration of Withania somnifera along with imidacloprid brought moderate protection in all the above parameters
ABSTRACT
Boswellia serrata is an Indian herb known for its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties in ancient folk medicine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of Boswellia serrata on radiographic joint damage and histopathology of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with six rats each. While group 1 served as normal control, arthritis was induced in animals belonging to groups 2 (arthritic control); 3, 4 and 5 (treatment groups) by injecting 0.1 ml of Freund’s complete adjuvant, intradermally into the hind foot pad. Treatment protocol was followed from 3rd to 21st day, with Boswellia serrata given orally as methanolic extract @ 500 mg/kg b.wt. to group 3, meloxicam given subcutaneously @1 mg/kg b.wt. to group 4 and both the drugs given concurrently to group 5. The onset and progression of arthritis were assessed weekly by radiographic interpretation. The drug effects were evaluated on the histopathology after completion of the experiment. The extent of paw inflammation before treatment and its subsequent amelioration after treatment were noticed in groups 3, 4 and 5 Boswellia serrata showed better amelioration compared to meloxicam with a superior curative effect witnessed when both the drugs were administered together. The significant alleviation of joint damage in adjuvant-induced arthritis may be attributed to the pharmacologically active principles present in the extracts of Boswellia serrata